In the steel industry, tungsten is mainly added in the form of ferrotungsten, that is, tungsten concentrate and iron filings are first reduced and smelted in an electric arc furnace to obtain ferrotungsten, and then added during the steelmaking process. In some cases, tungsten powder can also be processed into tungsten bars and added in the form of tungsten bars during the steelmaking process. The process of direct steelmaking with scheelite concentrate, which has been successfully researched in recent years, is to add scheelite concentrate during the steelmaking process, using ferrosilicon or carbon as the reducing agent, and the tungsten is reduced into the steel.
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Adding tungsten to steel can refine the grains of the steel and improve its high-temperature hardness, wear resistance and impact strength. Tungsten steel is mainly used as cutting steel and die steel, and its application in high-speed cutting steel has a history of more than a century. The widely used high-speed steel contains 9% to 24% tungsten, 3.8% to 4.6% chromium, 1% to 5% vanadium, 4% to 7% cobalt, and 0.7% to 1.5% carbon. The characteristic of high-speed steel is that it can be automatically quenched and secondary hardened in the air at a high tempering temperature (700~800℃). Therefore, it can maintain high hardness and wear resistance until 600~650℃.
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