First, the oxygen content in the tungsten powder is a key factor. When tungsten powder contains too many oxides, these oxides will hinder the tight bonding between metal elements because the wettability between metal elements and oxides is poor. This means that controlling the oxygen content in the powder is a key step to improve the density of the alloy.
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Secondly, surface oxide is also a factor that cannot be ignored. During the press forming process, the surface oxide makes it difficult for the powder to undergo plastic deformation due to its high elastic modulus, which in turn leads to a reduction in the relative density of the formed blank. Similarly, during the sintering process, insufficiently reduced powder will produce water vapor, which is also detrimental to the densification of the product.
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Finally, the particle size of tungsten powder is also an important influencing factor. Tungsten powder with different particle sizes will have different bridging effects and contact surfaces during the pressing process, which directly affects the pressure required to press to the same density. Generally speaking, coarser tungsten powder particles are easier to reach the required density during pressing. This is because coarse particles have a stronger bridging effect and can better transmit the pressing pressure, thereby making the particles more closely combined. In contrast, the porosity of fine porous tungsten powder is relatively small, which means that the fine powder has greater free energy during sintering, which is more conducive to sintering. Therefore, fine powder is more conducive to densification of tungsten-copper alloy.
